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Automated Insulin Delivery Infusion (Biomedical Engineering)

In closed-loop biomedical devices, an automated artificial pancreas regulates blood glucose levels by computing active residual insulin in the patient's bloodstream before authorizing a micro-bolus injection.

The residual active insulin I(t)I(t) (in Units) over elapsed time tt (in hours) since the last automated basal release valve activation is modeled by the composite saturation decay function:

I(t)=101+e−1/t2for t>0I(t) = \frac{10}{1 + e^{-1/t^2}} \quad \text{for } t > 0

  1. Using composite limit techniques, evaluate lim⁡t→0+I(t)\lim_{t \to 0^+} I(t) to determine the instantaneous active insulin baseline at the exact instant the infusion valve opens.
  2. If the control algorithm required a non-zero initial reference value of 10 Units10\text{ Units} to prevent a double-dose calculation error, verify whether the system meets this physiological baseline specification.