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Tony's Intertwingled Memex • Reference Manual

Automated Audio Amplifier Loop Gain (Electrical & Computer Engineering)

Formulas & Definitions

In professional audio electronics design, an automated gain control circuit stabilizes output volume using an active feedback amplifier loop. The loop amplification gain factor GGG (dimensionless ratio) depends on an input control bias voltage vvv (in Volts, V\text{V}V) and a digital potentiometer feedback resistance rrr (in kilo-ohms, kΩ\text{k}\OmegakΩ, for r>0r > 0r>0):

G(v,r)=v3ln⁡(r)G(v, r) = v^3 \ln(r)G(v,r)=v3ln(r)

  1. Compute the first-order partial derivatives GvG_vGv​ and GrG_rGr​.
  2. Compute the second-order partial derivatives (Gvv,Grr,Gvr,GrvG_{vv}, G_{rr}, G_{vr}, G_{rv}Gvv​,Grr​,Gvr​,Grv​).
  3. Verify Clairaut's Theorem for the mixed partials GvrG_{vr}Gvr​ and GrvG_{rv}Grv​.
  4. Construct the 2×22 \times 22×2 Hessian matrix HG(v,r)\mathbf{H}_G(v, r)HG​(v,r) and evaluate it at the reference bias operating point (v,r)=(2 V,e kΩ)(v, r) = (2\text{ V}, e\text{ k}\Omega)(v,r)=(2 V,e kΩ).
  5. Calculate the Hessian determinant D=det⁡(HG)D = \det(\mathbf{H}_G)D=det(HG​) at (2,e)(2, e)(2,e) and determine whether the gain surface exhibits a local extremum or a saddle behavior at this operating point.